I2C === This guide will show you how to test the I2C interface on the phyCORE-AM62Ax development kit Carrier Board. To learn more information about the phyCORE-AM62Ax Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) interface, please see section 7.3 in the `Hardware Manual `_. .. note:: The AM62Ax processor supports up to 6x I2C interfaces. Only two of these are supported on the phyCORE-AM62Ax development kit by default but others can be enabled via pin multiplexing. .. list-table:: I2C Settings :header-rows: 1 * - Hardware Interface - sysfs Path * - I2C0 - /dev/i2c-0 * - I2C1 - /dev/i2c-1 Requirements ------------ * `M/M Jumper Wire `_ .. note:: The expansion header was designed for 2mm pins. It is acceptable to use 2.54mm jumper pins during the development and verification of interfaces. The only issue arises when you switch back to plugging in a 2mm male header for an expansion board you created. * I2C device ( `Accelerometer `_ ) Using I2C0 ----------- * Power on the development kit and boot into Linux. * List the available I2C devices. There will be a few devices that appear in /dev/ and each is a different I2C interface. .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) ls /dev/i2c* .. code-block:: none :caption: Expected Output root@phyboard-lyra-am62axx-2:~# ls /dev/i2c* /dev/i2c-0 /dev/i2c-1 /dev/i2c-2 .. note:: The Linux Kernel is currently enumerating an extra I2C interfaces available at the hardware level even though only two are setup. Attempting to work with the I2C interfaces other than I2C0 and I2C1, using the default software, will give you errors. Use the "i2cdetect" command to scan the I2C0 bus for devices. This command outputs the address of all devices on the I2C0 bus. .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) i2cdetect -y -r 0 .. code-block:: none :caption: Expected Output root@phyboard-lyra-am62axx-2:~# i2cdetect -y -r 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: UU -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50: UU -- UU -- -- -- -- -- 58 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .. note:: UU indicates that the device with that particular address is tied to a kernel driver and you will be unable to communicate with the device via i2c commands (i2cset and i2cget). The detected interfaces should match with the devices connected to I2C0 on the development kit. .. list-table:: I2C0 addresses :header-rows: 1 * - Interface - Address (7-bit) * - PMIC - 0x30 * - EEPROM - 0x50 * - EEPROM identification page - 0x58 * - RTC - 0x52 Connecting the Accelerometer ------------------------------- * Now 'poweroff' the development kit and connect up the accelerometer before booting the kit back into Linux. .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) poweroff .. list-table:: I2C0 Device Pins :header-rows: 1 * - I2C Device Pin - Carrier Board Signal - Carrier Board Connector - Pin * - VCC - VCC_5V0_SW - X17 - Pin 2 * - GND - GND - X17 - Pin 7 * - SCL - X_I2C0_SCL - X17 - Pin 41 * - SDA - X_I2C0_SDA - X17 - Pin 43 .. image:: ../../images/phycore-am62ax/pb-07524_i2c_x17_accelerometer.png :width: 500px :alt: phyCORE-AM62Ax I2C * If you run the same i2cdetect command you should be able to confirm that a new device has appeared on the I2C0 bus: .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) i2cdetect -y -r 0 .. code-block:: none :caption: Expected Output root@phyboard-lyra-am62axx-2:~# i2cdetect -y -r 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1d -- -- 20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: UU -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50: UU -- UU -- -- -- -- -- 58 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Since the accelerometer was simply attached to the BUS without any knowledge of it having been provisioned into the Linux device tree the device address comes up as its true address 0x1d as opposed to 'UU'. This means we can interact with it directly in userspace using the i2cget and i2cset utilities, check out the following userspace driver for bump detection! Bump Detect Userspace Driver ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Open a text editor to write a script: .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) cd ~ vi ./bumpDetect.sh .. note:: The vi text editor begins in "Command Mode" and you must first hit the 'i' key in order to enter "Insert Mode". Using the arrow keys to navigate, make the necessary changes and then hit ESC to go back to "Command mode". Now enter ":wq" to write the file and quit. **Pro Tip:** Use the right click on your mouse to paste! This will only work if you are in "Insert Mode" first. * Enter the following into the text editor and save the file: .. code-block:: none :caption: bumpDetect.sh #!/bin/bash echo Input Sparkfun RedBot-Accelerometer bus: read -r bus echo Input Sparkfun RedBot-Accelerometer address: read -r addy #This stuff all comes from the MMA8452Q accelerometer datasheet i2cset -y "$bus" "$addy" 0x2B 0x40 #Reset the accelerometer i2cset -y "$bus" "$addy" 0x0E 0x02 #Set dynamic range to 8g from default 2g i2cset -y "$bus" "$addy" 0x2A 0x05 #Enable the device #Constantly check if there is any change in acceleration in the Z axis state=$(i2cget -y "$bus" "$addy" 0x05) while true; do temp=$(i2cget -y "$bus" "$addy" 0x05) if [ "$state" != "$temp" ]; then echo Bump! usleep 200000 state=$(i2cget -y "$bus" "$addy" 0x05) fi done * Change the permissions such that you can execute the script: .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) chmod +x ./bumpDetect.sh * Now run the script: .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) ./bumpDetect.sh * When prompted, enter the bus you connected the device to (which was I2C0) and the address found earlier (the kernel representd this bus as /dev/i2c-0) **Both must be given in hexidecimal form!** .. code-block:: none :caption: Target (Linux) root@phyboard-lyra-am62axx-2:~# ./bumpDetect.sh Input Sparkfun RedBot-Accelerometer bus: 0x00 Input Sparkfun RedBot-Accelerometer address: 0x1D * With the accelerometer resting on the table surface, try tapping the table surface! The accelerometer is pretty sensitive so you should be able to tap the table anywhere, and very lightly, to get a bump to register (Note that the example is only polling the Z axis, so tapping the sides of the table will probably not register a bump). .. code-block:: none :caption: Expected Output root@phyboard-lyra-am62axx-2:~# ./bumpDetect.sh Input Sparkfun RedBot-Accelerometer bus: 0x00 Input Sparkfun RedBot-Accelerometer address: 0x1D Bump! Bump! Bump! Bump! Bump!